Haiku in Croatia

Croatia boasts one of the largest and most active haiku communities of any nation in the world. Poets from republics of the former Yugoslav federation (Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro) first encountered haiku in the period between the world wars. Books of translations of Japanese verse appeared in the 1950s, and at the end of that decade the first experiments of haiku written in Croatian began to be published. It was in the 1980s, however, especially after Croatia’s declaration of independence in 1991 and the breakup of Yugoslavia, that interest in haiku truly burgeoned. In rapid succession, the nation saw the creation of haiku groups in Samobor, Zagreb, and several other cities and a flood of journals, chapbooks, longer individual collections, and haiku anthologies. The phenomena of the Internet and the World Wide Web helped catalyze the presence and success of Croatian haiku on the world stage, particularly in international haiku contests.

Haiku was exported from Japan and spread over the globe by travelers, immigrants, adventurers, and scholars. As was the case elsewhere in Europe, by the beginning of the 20th century a haiku-like sensitivity could be recognized in the work of a few Croatian poets, including Antun Gustav Matoš (1873–1914), Vladimir Vidrić (1875–1909), Tin Ujević (1891–1955), and Dobriša Cesarić (1902–1980), but none of them was writing true haiku.

Pioneering publications in English about Japanese poetry appeared around the end of the 19th century, notably Basil Hall Chamberlain’s The Classical Poetry of the Japanese (1880) and Japanese Poetry (1910) as well as W. G. Aston’s History of Japanese Literature (1899). Also known in Croatia was the work of the German Karl Florenz, especially his Dichtergrüsse aus dem Osten … (1895; Poetical Greetings from the Far East …, trans. A. Lloyd, 1896). Focusing specifically on haiku was Chamberlain’s “Bashō and the Japanese Poetical Epigram” (1902). William N. Porter’s A Year of Japanese Epigrams (1911) was the first book of haiku translations in the West. Original haiku in a Western language was first presented by Paul Louis Couchoud in France with his small book Le haïkaï: Les epigrammes lyriques du Japan (1906).

Early translations and works about Japanese haiku

In the mid 1920s, the Serb Miloš Crnjanski (1893–1977), who was living in Paris at the time, translated 57 classical Japanese haiku into Serbo-Croatian (published in Serbian Cyrillic) from English, French, and German translations and published them, with annotations, in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia, in 1927. The first Croatian to write about haiku was probably the mycologist and philosopher Ivan Focht (1927–1992): “O klasičnoj japanskoj književnosti” (About Classical Japanese Literature) in the literary journal Republika 7/8 (1952).

In 1955 the Zagreb publisher Lykos printed the first edition of Japanska poezija (Japanese Poetry), 40 haiku by old Japanese masters in translations from German and French by writer and translator Božo Kukolja (1923–2006). A second edition was published in 1957. According to haiku poet and critic Boris Nazansky, “Despite its limited print run, this collection contains almost all the important authors and the various forms and types of Japanese lyrical poetry, from archaic five-verse poems and the kumeuta (11 to 13 verses), nagauta (long poem with 16–149 verses), mijikauta (short poems), or tanka (previously waka, the predominant Japanese form), all the way to modern haikai (a postclassical type of short, three-phrase poem) and modern romantic, futuristic, and surrealistic free verse that exhibits the strong influence of European and American poetry on modern Japanese poetry.”¹

In 1958 Dubravko Ivančan published his “Mala antologija japanskog haikua” (Small Anthology of Japanese Haiku) in Republika 7/8. In the same year Vladimir Devidé, a prominent mathematician and member of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, presented an extensive essay, “Japanska haiku poezija” (Japanese Haiku Poetry), in Encyclopaedia Moderna 3–4, and followed with a book, Japanska haiku poezija i njen kulturno povijesni okvir (Japanese Haiku Poetry and Its Cultural and Historical Framework), which sold 15,000 copies in five editions and became the bible for many Yugoslav haiku poets. Over the next decade he produced several general books about Japan and its culture.

Original haiku in Croatian

Dubravko Ivančan was likely the first to publish his original haiku in Croatian. A number of his short poems were included in Krugovi in 1953, although they were not specifically identified as haiku. Other Croatian haiku poets began publishing collections of their own work soon afterward. In the city of Split, Tonči Petrasov Marović composed 101 haiku and selected 13 of them for a piece in Mogućnosti 6 (1961); for example:

Hommage à Bashō

Samo kamenčić 
u vodu bacih—vas me 
svijet zapljusnu 

I threw a pebble
into the water only—the whole world
splashed on me
.
.

Njuši me pas. 
Udahne li me jače, 
odoh mu u njuh. 

A dog sniffing at me.
If he inhales me deeper,
I’ll end up in his flair.

Ivančan, who is considered Croatia’s premier haiku poet with more than 2,000 haiku in journals and books, published Leptirova krila (The Wings of a Butterfly) in 1964, followed by eight other titles before his death in 1982.

In 1971 Zvonko Petrović published his first haiku collection, Trenuci nezaboravka (Moments of Unforgetfulness), followed by Tragom vaših koraka (Trailing Your Steps) in 1974. His work was often included in international anthologies, for example:

Jutarnje inje— 
svaka iglica bora 
nakostriješena. 

 

Morning rime—
every pine needle
bristling.

        Zvonko Petrović, ca. 1996

Pahulje padaju 
u miris 
toplog kruha. 

snowflakes fall
into the scent
of warm bread

        Zvonko Petrović, ca. 1999

Moric Danon also published a first haiku collection, Poetske sličice (Poetical Images), in 1971, a second book in 1974, and two more in 1978.

Nagriza zima
kao čopor vukova,
nejake ovce.
.
.

Winter gnaws
like a pack of wolves
the weak sheep.

    Moric Danon

Two years later, Veseljko Vidović published Preko uma obruč (1973, A Hoop Over the Mind). A haiku of Vidović’s from 1977:

Plava kadulja 
Na plećima kamena 
Sunča se 
.
.

Blue sage
On the back of the stone
Sunbathing 

     Veseljko Vidović, 1977

From the 1980s onward, as haiku cemented its place in Croatian literature and culture, a parallel rise took place in the publication of individual haiku collections. All poets mentioned in this article have published at least one book or chapbook of haiku and most have more than one. The most important haiku-related publications of each poet are listed in the Sources section below, and included in the poet’s Haikupedia biographical sketch.

Perhaps the first scholarly study of Croatian haiku was Vladimir Devidé’s essay “Haiku u Hrvatskoj” (Haiku in Croatia) in Hrvatska obzorja (2/1994). Devidé also published “Prvi počeci japanskih pjesničkih oblika u izvorno hrvatskoj književnosti” (The Earliest Roots of Japanese Poetic Forms in Original Croatian Literature” in Vrabac / Sparrow 51–62 (2008). Marijan Čekolj published two books of haiku history and criticism: Smijeh saznanija: zen haiku eseji: izbor, 1978–1998 / The Laughter of Cognition: Essays, Selection 1978–1998 and Haiku sekvence: teorija haiku / Haiku Sequences: Theory of Haiku.

Haiku meetings and organizations

Formal haiku organizations in Croatia are rare. More typical are susreti (literally “encounters”), which are meetings organized by a core group of poets usually once a year and open to anyone interested in haiku. In the early years, haiku in Croatia was largely a solo affair, with poets scattered around the country, working by themselves, and rarely getting together to share their haiku. That situation began to change in the mid-1980s. The first public haiku reading in Croatia was held at Zagreb’s Klovićevi dvori (Klović Palace) in 1986 in connection with “Kyōto—the Flower of Japanese Culture,” an exhibition of Japanese arts. The affair attracted poets from Zagreb, Varaždin, Zadar, Šibenik, and Split as well as from beyond the Croatian borders: Vršac, Serbia, and Banja Luka, Bosnia. Each poet read ten haiku aloud, and haiku of the late Dubravko Ivančan were presented by Helga Smodić, his translator. The proceedings were published in a book, Kyoto cvijet kulture Japana.

A second public haiku reading was held in Pazin, on the Istrian Peninsula, on April 29, 1987. Featured readers Vladimir Devidé, Tomislav Marijan Bilosnić, and Boris Palčić Caskin presented their work in Croatian, and Yasuyo Hondo read in Japanese.

Samobor

Early in the 1990s, Marijan Čekolj, aided by Nediljko Boban and Marinko Španović, held a haiku school in Zagreb. Meanwhile in the nearby city of Samobor, these three poets as well as Darko Plažanin and Milan Žegarac Peharnik, formed the Samobor Katarza Literary Group (Samoborska književna grupa Katarza). The Katarza group enjoyed support from the dean of Croatian haiku, Vladimir Devidé, and other eminent writers, and had published two pioneering joint collections, Haiku (1983) with poems by seven haikuists, and Sabiranja (1985; Gathering), haiku by Čekolj, Peharnik, Plažanin, and Španović. Some sample haiku by the Samobor poets:

Nad mračnim gradom 
nikada ne vidjeh 
toliko zvijezda! 

Above the blacked-out town
I have never seen so many
stars in the sky!

        Milan Žegarac Peharnik, 1995

nakon oluje 
dječak briše nebo 
sa stolova 

after the storm
a boy wipes the sky
from the tables

        Darko Plažanin, 1989

Naizmjence se pale 
čas krijesnica, 
čas zvijezda. 

One after another
turning their lights on:
star and firefly!
        
        Jadranka Brnčić, 1999

By 1992 this nexus of poets in Samobor evolved into the Croatian Haiku Society, Samobor (Hrvatsko haiku društvo, Samobor), the first all-national organization devoted to the Japanese-inspired verse form. Čekolj was president and editor of its journal, Vrabac / Sparrow. In the years that followed, Čekolj focused intently on the society and the journal, to the extent that some haiku poets broke with him to pursue their own interests in Samobor. Čekolj was another Croatian poet whose work was marked with great success in international contests, anthologies, and journals; for example:

Napisat ću 
haiku — možda me 
mine bijes! 

I shall write
a haiku—perhaps rage
will pass me by!

        Marijan Čekolj, ca. 1996

Suho korito potoka: 
nema vode — 
nema mjeseca. 

Dry brook bed.
No water—
no moon.

        Marijan Čekolj, 1998

U mraku tvorničke 
hale umire jedan  
proljetni cvijet. 

In the darkness of
the factory hall one spring
flower is dying. 

Dans l’obscurité
d’une usine meurt une
fleur de printemps …



        Marijan Čekolj, ca. 1998
.

Plažanin, together with Peharnik and Španović (who, however, continued to coedit Vrabac / Sparrow), inaugurated the Samobor Haiku Meetings (Samoborski haiku susreti) with the support of the Samobor Public Open University, the city library, and the Samobor branch of Matrix Croatica (Matica hrvatska, a national organization for the preservation and promotion of Croatian art, culture, and society).

These Samobor meetings became the model for gatherings in other Croatian cities. Poets met once a year and published a joint collection of their work as well as the proceedings of the meeting. The gatherings would often include a local, national, or even international haiku contest. Plažanin edited the annual collections of the Samobor Haiku Meeting until his death in 2009. At that time the meetings were renamed in his honor, and Ivo Markulin assumed the editorship of the annual omnibus anthology, Samoborski haiku susreti Darko Plažanin—Zbornik (Darko Plažanin Samobor Haiku Meeting Miscellany).

Ludbreg

Zdenko Oreč-Gavran founded the Ludbreg Haiku Meetings (Ludbreški haiku susreti) northeast of Zagreb. This gathering of haiku poets has been held every year since 1997 and is open to the public. Ðurđa Vukelić Rožić recalls the informal, bucolic setting of the 1977 meeting, “We met by the fish pond and wrote our haiku out in the open.” Slovenian painter Rudi Stopar exhibited a number of haiga on handmade rice paper featuring his own haiku and those of other poets as well.

The Ludbreg meetings now take place in the Dragutin Novak Open University (Pučko otvoreno učilište Ludbreg), renamed the Ludbreg Dragutin Novak Centre for Culture and Information (Centar za kulturu i informacije “Dragutin Novak “ Ludbreg) in 2017. The director of the Centre and the Ludbreg Haiku Meetings is Branko Dijanošić. The Centre has financed the Ludbreg gatherings and published the proceedings, the Haiku zbornik—Ludbreg (Ludbreg Haiku Miscellany) since 2004.

The first Haiku zbornik—Ludbreg was published in 1998 and included materials from the 1997 gathering as well. Until 2003 miscellanies were published privately by Oreč-Gavran. The Miscellany is a major publication. All poets are invited to contribute haiku to the annual publication, and the selected work is published in the Haiku Miscellany. In 2016, for example, 589 haiku by more than 100 poets from the republics of the former Yugoslavia as well as Portugal, Ireland, and the United States were submitted and 239 were selected for publication by editors Funda and Nazansky. Awards included the Graševina (a bottle of a boutique Croatian wine) for the first-place haiku (created by Funda). In addition, one of each poet’s haiku may be earmarked as an entry for the Aphrodite Award (Nagrada Afrodita) for erotic haiku, which was begun in 2014 by Mirko Varga and supported by the Ludbreg Haiku Meetings.

Križevi svuda 
kolci okomito 
kolci poprijeko 

Crosses everywhere
upright posts
crosswise posts

        Rudi Stopar, 1997

Kapljica vode 
među bodljama kaktusa 
Duga ... 

A drop of water
between cactus thorns
A rainbow ...

        Mirko Varga, 2001

The following haiku was written in the Kajkavian dialect:

Selsko dvorišče. 
Stari plot kerpaju 
vejke slaka. 

Farmyard.
Bindweed tendrils patching
the old fence.

     Željko Funda, 2003

Krapina

In 1998, the Open University of Krapina inaugurated the Dubravko Ivančan Haiku Days (Haiku dani “Dubravko Ivančan”) in the town of Krapina, the birthplace of the pioneering poet. The main activity was haiku contests for adults and children in standard Croatian and the Kajkavian dialect. Twelve awards were given each year, and the top winning poems were illustrated by Mirjana Drempetić Hanžić Smolić. Out of twelve resulting haiga, eight were donated to the permanent collection of the Krapina town art gallery. The Dubravko Ivančan Haiku Days meetings were discontinued in 2014.

Adriatic Coast

Haiku has long been a popular pastime in Dalmatia, Rijeka, and Istria on the Adriatic coast of Croatia. In 1998 Mile Stamenković hosted the first meeting of haiku poets from the Rijeka region, and the following year he edited a collection, Hvatanje sjenke vjetra / Catturare l’ombra del vento / Grasping the Shadow of Wind (Rijeka, 1999). The trilingual regional anthology was translated by Robert Bebek and illustrated by Jadran Zalokar.

The Rijeka Haiku Poets Society (Društvo haiku pjesnika Rijeka) was founded in 2000 by Zalokar, Borivoj Bukva, Siniša Posarić, and Žarko Milenić. The society was soon renamed Karolina Riječka Croatian Haiku Poets Society (Društvo hrvatskih haiku pjesnika “Karolina Riječka”) in honor of a local heroine in the Napoleonic Wars. Zalokar served as first president. Activities of the society included haiku meetings held in Rijeka and various towns in the region, for example, in Lovran in 2002. The society published a single issue of a magazine titled Galeb (The Gull) in 2000. Bukva edited an online newsletter, Karolina Riječka, but it was inactive after 2008.

Tomislav Marijan Bilosnić launched a series of meetings was begun in 2008 in memory of René Matoušek, the physician, humanist and martyr in the Croatian war of independence in 1991. Although he was born in Vukovar, near the Hungarian border, Matoušek lived and worked in Obrovac in the Zadar area in the 1980s. The first of the René Matoušek Haiku Meetings (Haiku susreti René Matoušek) took place at the Obrovac city library in 2008. Among the organizers was the Zadar branch of the Croatian Writers Society. The second (2009) was held during the Obrovac Cultural Summer. The third (2010) and fourth (2014) Matoušek Haiku Meetings were held in nearby Zelengrad. Each conference published the proceedings.

The haiku poets in Rijeka have continued to meet and support nationally significant haiku meetings. These included the 15th International Meeting of Haiku Poets at Trsatski Grad, undertaken by Bukva jointly with the Croatian Writers Society, Rijeka (Hrvatsko književno društvo, Rijeka), in April 2015, which, though attendance was small, still attracted a Japanese TV crew. Bukva died in 2016, and a haiku contest and reading in his memory was held in Rijeka in 2018. That same year Rijeka’s Vežica grammar school held its third gathering of child haiku poets with a competition for haiku and haiga that even included entries from the international Croatian diaspora. This contest, founded by Mihovila Čeperić- Biljan, is still held annually.

In spring 2014, across the Istrian peninsula in Rovinj, Vesna Milan and the Rovinj Retirees Association organized the first To Meet the Spring (U susret proljeću), an annual meeting of Croatian poets, with a contest and haiku readings for adults and children.

A selection of haiku from the Adriatic poets:

Sred prazna grada 
gladne žrtve rata 
hrane golubove. 

deserted town —
hungry war victims
feed the pigeons

        Mile Stamenković, ca. 1999

sam na obali ...
moje disanje ponavlja 
titan mora 

alone on the shore …
my breathing repeats
the rhythm of the sea

        Robert Bebek, ca. 2002

Niz pustu obalu 
smiruju se valovi— 
kraj dana. 

Along the deserted coast
the waves are quietening down—
end of the day.

        Borivoj Bukva, ca. 1999

Niz strmu stranu 
Velebita bura se 
spušta do mora. 

The storm lowers itself
down the steep skirt of Velebit
into the sea.

        Tomislav Marijan Bilosnić, 2005

Cijedi se Dunav
domaćici iz torbe.
Šaranov rep.
.
.

The Danube drips
from the housewife’s bag.
The carp’s tail.

     René Matoušek, 1987

nesanica                                                 
brodska dizalica spušta                     
mjesec u more     
.
.                                     

insomnia
a ship’s crane lowers the full moon
into the sea

     Mihovila Čeperić-Biljan, 2017

Kloštar Ivanić

Another series, the Kloštar Ivanić Haiku Meetings (Kloštar Ivanić haiku susreti), was inaugurated in 2003 in this town 50 km southeast of Zagreb, with a public reading by Vida Pust Škrgulja, Ðurđa Vukelić Rožić, and Stjepan Rožić. As was the case with other local organizations, each year the Kloštar Ivanić group held open contests for haiku in standard Croatian, Croatian dialects, and English, and published an annual Zbornik. The first ten such miscellanies were edited by Đ. V. Rožić. Dubravko Korbus judged several contests and edited one issue of the annual. Activities in Kloštar Ivanić were discontinued in 2013 and taken over by the Three Rivers Haiku Association (Udruga “Tri rijeke”) which had been founded in nearby Ivanić-Grad in 2006. The first president of this association was Željka Vučinić-Jambrešić, replaced by Stjepan Rožić in 2015.

October 2014 saw the first meeting of Croatian haijin in conjunction with Bučijada, the annual Pumpkin Festival that had been held in held in Ivanić-Grad since 2004. This event quickly grew in popularity and attendance. In 2018, for example, about 150 haiku poets from all over Croatia joined in. Special guest was Canadian haiku poet Michael Dudley. Kabocha (Pumpkin), an anthology of winning haiku from 2014–2016, was edited and translated by Ðurđa Vukelić Rožić.

bolnička soba 
u snovima lutam kroz 
Bašōov uveli vrijes 

hospital room
in dreams I wander over
Bashō’s withered moor

        Vida Pust Škrgulja, ca. 2002

pecanje s ocem— 
prazna kanta prepuna 
nezaboravnosti 

fishing with father—
an empty bucket full of
unforgetfulness

        Ðurđa Vukelić Rožić, 2013

Predano kistom 
seli slikar cvjetnu 
livadu na platno. 

With his brush, a painter
moves flowery meadow
onto the canvas.

        Stjepan Rožić, 2000

jesenji sumrak 
nebo se tiho spušta 
na leđa vrane 

silent autumn dusk
the sky descending calmly
onto the crow’s back

        Dubravko Korbus, 2009

Gorski Kotar

The Goranski Koraci Association (Udruga “Goranski Koraci”), is an organization dedicated to promoting the mountainous Gorski Kotar region. A first gathering of haiku poets took place under its auspices in the town of Delnice in 2014. With the support of local governments, schools, and tourist bureaus, the group sponsored haiku contests for adults as well as haiga and haiku competitions for children. The subsequent autumn meetings rotated among different towns. Association president Slavica Grgurić Pajnić edited the joint collections of members’ work and contest-winning haiku. A haiku of hers:

rano jutro 
puž žuri 
prema gljivi 

early morning;
the snail rushing towards
a mushroom

        Slavica Grgurić Pajnić, 2011

Oroslavje

The most recent regular series of events in Croatia is the Haiku kraj mogile / Haiku at Mogila, founded in 2016 under the initiative of Franjo Ordanić and Vladimir Šuk at the town library in Oroslavje, north of Zagreb. The group holds haiku meetings with competitions for children, youth, and adults in Oroslavje and has its own website.

kavica u pet
sjemenke buče na
razmjeni
.
.
.

an afternoon coffee
the pumpkin seeds
on exchange

     Franjo Ordanić, 2020

mirnim jezerom
labud traži dječicu
vrat mu upitnik
.
.
.

a smooth lake
a question mark of the swans’s neck
in search of its kids

     Vladimir Šuk, 2019

National organizations

The Society of Croatian Writers (Društvo hrvatskih književnika, DHK), established in 1900 in Zagreb and with branches now in all major Croatian cities, has been a major organizer of literary gatherings, publisher of prose and poetry, and general promoter of the literary and cultural well-being of the country. The DHK makes available grants for local literary meetings and publications. The DHK was not primarily a haiku organization, of course, and recognition of fine Croatian haiku poets, even including Vladimir Devidé, was grudging and slow. The DHK’s first gathering devoted exclusively to haiku came only in 2018. Still, the Society of Croatian Writers has been a major source of support for the publication of books, featuring haiku principally keyed to society members. Some examples of DHK activities are underwriting the journal Književna Rijeka (in which haiku poets were well represented) of the Rijeka Branch in 2012–2014; a noontime discussion, “Hrvatska haiku poezija” (Croatian Haiku Poetry), on February 28, 2018, in Zagreb featuring talks by haiku poets Ambassador Drago Štambuk, Tomislav Maretić, and Nikola Đuretić; and book launches for Ana Horvat, Đuretić, Štambuk, and Maretić, also in Zagreb.

After the Croatian Haiku Society, Samobor, which had been established in 1992, a second all-national Croatian haiku organization, the Association of Croatian Haiku Poets (DHHP), was founded in Zagreb in 1997. The DHHP organized haiku workshops, prepared radio and television presentations, and published important monographs and anthologies of Croatian haiku as well as translations of seminal English-language classics. These included works by D. T. Suzuki, Harold G. Henderson, and R. H. Blyth, as well as translations of Japanese haiku by Noboyuki Yuasa and John Stevens. The president of the DHHP was Višnja McMaster, whose efforts were rewarded in 1997 with the title of Honorary Ambassador of Japan, and again in 2016 when she was awarded recognition by the Japanese ambassador in Zagreb. DHHP activities drew to a close in about 2004, however, although some posts appeared on the society’s website afterward.

tiho zatvorih 
ormar da ne ometem 
moljce pri jelu 

quietly I shut
the wardrobe not to disturb
moths as they eat

        Višnja McMaster, ca. 1996

Haiku periodicals and Web activities

Haiku: Časopis za haiku poeziju (Haiku: A Journal of Haiku Poetry), the first quarterly haiku magazine in Europe, was launched in spring 1977 by three haiku enthusiasts, Vladimir Devidé, Zvonko Petrović, and Željko Funda. Haiku published the work of poets from all corners of Yugoslavia, but especially Croatia and Serbia, as well as translations of top Japanese, American, and European haiku poets. The journal was published at the Faculty of Organization and Informatics in Varaždin, where Petrović worked. Fourteen issues in all were printed, with a total of 800 pages of text.

A second series of Haiku, also primarily in Croatian, was launched in 1995 in Zagreb with Dubravko Marijanović as editor for the first nine issues and his press, Sipar d.o.o., as publisher. Milan Žegarac Peharnik edited issue 10. It was thought desirable that Haiku appear in both Croatian and English, so Višnja McMaster, who had just returned to Croatia from some years’ residence in the United Kingdom, was tapped to edit three biennial, bilingual issues (nos. 11/12 through 15/16, 1998–1999), and DHHP took over as publisher. Then, following a hiatus, Ðurđa Vukelić Rožić, assisted by Boris Nazansky, Zdravko Kurnik, and Duško Matas, put out four more issues through no. 23/24, 2003–2004, when publication of Haiku ceased. Under the editorships of McMaster and Rožić, Haiku included translations of haiku and essays into English. Some later haiku by the Haiku editors:

Iz daleke 
praznine dolijeće 
bijeli leptir. 

From the distant
void there arrives
a white butterfly.

        Vladimir Devidé, ca. 1996

na kraju dana 
tragovi konjskih kopita 
skreću u blato 

end of the day
tracks of horse’s hoofs
turning to mud

        Dubravko Marijanović, 1999

zvon iz daljine 
oslonjen na motiku 
ispravljam leđa 

a distant tolling
leaning against the hoe
I pull myself upright

        Boris Nazansky, 1999

U luku duge 
nakon ljetnog pljuska 
cijelo selo. 

shower has stopped —
the whole village
under the rainbow

        Zdravko Kurnik, 2003, trans. Anatoly Kudryavitsky        

niski let ptice 
nabujajli potok nosi 
prazno gnijezdo 

low flight of a bird
a swollen stream carrying
an empty nest

        Duško Matas, 2000

Another early South Slavic haiku magazine, the first in the Serbian language, and accepting material from all parts the former Yugoslavia, was Paun (Peacock), founded by Milijan Despotović in Požega, Serbia, in 1988.

In 1992, after the first Samobor Haiku Meeting, Marijan Čekolj founded a new biannual publication in Croatian and English titled Vrabac: Haiku Časopis / Sparrow: Haiku Magazine. On the model of the Eastern European “thick journal,” Vrabac / Sparrow typically contained about 250 pages of original haiku and translations of previously published work from Europe and North America, contest results, illustrations, and photographs. The journal was originally published twice a year with two numbers per issue (e.g., No. 1–2 [spring–summer 1993]), but beginning in 1995 it became an annual with four numbers per issue. This, Croatia’s first international haiku journal, quickly found an audience in Croatia and beyond. It ceased publication after No. 59–62 in 2008.

The first issue of the print annual Iris appeared in 2008. It was edited by Đurđa Vukelić Rožić and published by the Three Rivers Haiku Association in Ivanić-Grad. Like Vrabac / Sparrow, Iris was a thick annual omnibus of haiku and related forms and matters. The first issue contained more than 400 pages, including 73 pages of haiku and 19 of tanka in Croatian with English translation; a featured guest poet, the German-born American Horst Ludwig; a feature about Brazilian haiku by Rosa Clement including a selection of haiku in Portuguese, Croatian, and English; book reviews; and notes on new publications.

Iris went online and became Iris International, the first haiku web magazine in Croatia, in 2015. The masthead of the first issue named Rožić as editor-in-chief, Boris Nazansky and Tomislav Maretić (later joined by Ljubomir Radovančević, Dejan Pavlinović, Nina Kovačić, Mihovila Čeperić-Biljan, and Miroslav Vurdelja) as members of the editorial board. The publisher was the Three Rivers Haiku Association. Iris appeared primarily in Croatian only, but the online Iris International not only reproduced the print issue but added translations of Croatian authors’ work into English, added haiku and essays from abroad translated into Croatian, and presented haiku publications from the rest of the world.

krik galeba — 
razderao nebo 
u plave komadiće 

a seagull screams
ripping the sky
into blue pieces

        Ljubomir Radovančević, 2010

utopi se
u vlastitom odrazu
snjegović
.
.
.

drowning
in his own reflection
a snowman

     Dejan Pavlinović, 2009

s divlje trešnje 
udarci sjekirom 
tresu latice 

a wild cherry—
its petals shaken down by
the blows of an axe

        Nina Kovačić, 2016

razvod braka 
podijeliše knjige 
i prijatelje 

a divorce
they split the books
and friends

        Miroslav Vurdelja, 2017

Rožić also held the title of Deputy Editor for Haiku (Presentation, Analyses, Information) for the journal Diogen pro kultura magazin za kulturu, umjetnost, nauku i obrazovanje / Diogen pro Culture Magazine for Culture, Art, Science and Education, published in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 2012 to 2014.

A “Focus on Croatia” feature in the Ireland-based online journal Shamrock 6 (2008), presented haiku by 31 authors.

Croatian poets in national and international haiku anthologies

The various regional and national literary and cultural organizations in Croatia produce annual collections of haiku and other materials, Matica Hrvatska (Matrix Croatica) for example) and these provide excellent opportunities for poets to share their haiku locally and throughout the country. All-Croatian anthologies began appearing in the mid-1990s. Vladimir Devidé was the first to compile a Croatian anthology, Antologija hrvatskoga haiku pjesništva (Anthology of Croatian Haiku Poetry), with haiku by 79 poets, in 1996.

The premier anthologists of Croatian haiku, however, were surely Marijan Čekolj and Đurđa Vukelić Rožić. With coeditor Marinko Španović, Čekolj produced Otvoreni put: Antologija hrvatske haiku poezije / Free Road: Croatian Haiku Anthology 1990–2005, which featured the work, in Croatian and English, of 76 poets across 257 pages. Čekolj followed this with his two-volume Haiku iz rata / War Haiku (1992 and 1995). This proved to be a particularly influential collection worldwide, and the first volume was translated into French in 1993 as Nouvelles visions de guerre: 55 haïkus de poètes croates, edited by Patrick Blanche and others.³⁹ In 2009 Čekolj, with his Croatian Haiku Society (which was registered as a publisher), came out with the 208-page Antologija samoborskog pjesništva (Anthology of Poetry from Samobor) in Croatian in 2003, and the even more massive Antologija samoborskog haiku pjesništva / Haiku Anthology of Samobor (1978–2008) in Croatian and English in 2008.

In 2000 Višnja McMaster edited and translated 100 Hrvatskih haiku/100 Croatian Haiku, An Anthology for the Haiku Cards Game.

In addition to many other activities in support of Croatian haiku, in 2011 Đurđa Vukelić Rožić edited and translated work for her anthology Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky. The book’s title was taken from a haiku in Dubravko Ivančan’s Život na selu (1975; Life in the Country):

Ležim 
u travi. Nepokošeno 
nebo. 

Lying on the grass.
An unmown
sky

This massive compendium includes biographic sketches, photographs, and a sampling of 10–30 haiku from 166 poets. Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky was the recipient of a Touchstone Distinguished Book Award of The Haiku Foundation in 2011. For her editing and translating Japanese-style short-form poetry, and her work on the anthology, in 2012 Rožić was awarded Recognition for Promotion and Contribution to the Reputation of Zagreb County in Croatia and the World (Nagrada za doprinos ugledu i promociji Zagrebačke županije u zemlji i svijetu).

Rožić published a second volume in 2018. Even more substantial than the first, Nepokošeno nebo 2: Antologija hrvatskoga haiku-pjesništva 2008–2018 / An Unmown Sky 2: An Anthology of Croatian Haiku Poetry 2008–2018 contained haiku and senryu by 198 authors as well as 3,642 of their haiku, complete with bibliographic data for each one. Nepokošeno 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 was named the Book of the Year by the Croatian Writer’s Association (HKD) Rijeka and was shortlisted for a Touchstone award. Rožić also compiled and translated haiku and essays for another large compendium honoring the pioneer of haiku in Croatia: Vladimir Devidé: zvijezda vodilja / Vladimir Devidé: Leading Star (2014), which comprised work by 68 authors from 29 countries in 179 pages.

Joint collections, books or chapbooks featuring the haiku of multiple poets, have been popular in Croatia as well. Three typical examples are Sedam prozora / Seven Windows, published in Ivanić-Grad in 2002 with work by seven poets; Sedam novih putova / Seven New Way, with haiku by Duško Matas, Boris Nazansky, Vjekoslav Romich, Stjepan Rožić, Darko Plažanin, and Milan Žegarac Peharnik, and Julija Ivić (Zagreb, 2003); and Sabiranja: Haiku poezija. Samobor, 1985) with work by Marijan Čekolj, Marinko Spanović, Milan Žegarac Peharnik, and Darko Plažanin.

For decades, Croatian poets have been featured in international haiku anthologies, notably Katō Kōko, ed. Four Seasons: Haiku Anthology Classified by Season Words in English and Japanese (1991); William J. Higginson’s Haiku World: An International Poetry Almanac, which included 50 haiku by 27 authors from Croatia; Haïku sans frontiers, une anthologie mondiale / Canadian Anthology, Haiku Without Borders, edited by André Duhaime (and a Web version), which included ten authors from Croatia; Knots: The Anthology of Southeastern Europe Haiku Poetry (1999), edited by Dimitar Anakiev and Jim Kacian; D’un ciel a l’autre: Anthologie de haïkus de l’Union Européenne / From One Sky to Another: Haiku Anthology of the European Union, published by the Association Française de Haïku in 2006; Greiri și crizanteme: Haiku antologie internatională / Crickets and Chrysanthemums: International Haiku Anthology, edited by Valentin Nicolițov (2007; 17 Croatians); The Euro-haiku: A Bi-lingual Anthology, edited by David Cobb (2007; 4 Croatians); Kamesan’s World Haiku Anthology on War, Violence and Human Rights Violation, compiled by Anakiev (2013); and A Vast Sky: An Anthology of Contemporary World Haiku (2015), edited by Bruce Ross and others.

The work of Croatian poets has also been included in major Web-based cumulative anthologies such as the World Haiku Association’s Featured Haiku section, The Haiku Foundation’s Haiku Registry, and the Living Haiku Anthology.

Croatian haiku contests

The various regional haiku groups in Croatia have typically sponsored haiku contests in conjunction with their annual meetings. These often featured divisions for children and youth haiku and haiku in regional Croatian dialects. In some cases, the contests expanded beyond Croatia’s borders and welcomed submissions in English from poets around the world. Particularly notable was the contest run by the journal Haiku Kalendar in Ludbreg, edited by Boris Nazansky, which began in 2001 and ran for eight years.

An annual award, Ludbreg Column of Haiku Poets (Ludbreški stup haiku pjesnika), established by Željko Funda and administered by the Dragutin Novak Ludbreg Center for Culture and Information, has been presented since 2003. The award represents a hall of fame for Croatian haikuists who have taken part in Ludbreg haiku meetings over the years. Laureates have been Vladimir Devidé, 2003; Zvonko Petrović, 2004; Željko Funda, 2005; Zdenko Oreč-Gavran, 2006; Boris Nazansky, 2007; Đurđa Vukelić Rožić, 2008; Duško Matas, 2009; Franjo Hrg, 2010; Stjepan Rožić, 2011; Zlata Bogović, 2012; Dubravko Korbus, 2013; Ivo Markulin, 2014; Milan Žegarac-Peharnik, 2015; Tomislav Maretić, 2016; Drago Štambuk, 2017; and Ivan Ivančan, 2018. Here follow sample haiku by selected Ludbreg Column of Haiku Poets honorees not cited elsewhere in this article:

lipa je ipak 
proljetos pričekala
početak lipnja

this spring however
the linden waited for
the beginning of June

    Franjo Hrg, 2009

Pijetao važno —
oglasio jutro
trećeg tisućljeća
.
.

The cock has
proudly announced the morning
of the third millennium

     Zlata Bogović, 2001

Zvijezde
nad selom. Pokoja
u obližnjoj lokvi.
.

Stars
above the village. Some
in a nearby pool.

     Ivan Ivančan, ca. 1996

Of the Croatian regional haiku groups that were the most active internationally were those in Kloštar Ivanić and Ivanić-Grad. The Kloštar Ivanić Haiku Meetings (Kloštar Ivanić haiku susreti) originated in 2003, and the following year the group held the 1st Kloštar Ivanić International Contest for Haiku in English. When, in 2006, the Kloštar Ivanić Haiku Meetings were superseded by the Three Rivers Haiku Association, a spate of annual international haiku contests was launched, usually together with the journal Iris.

In 2016, the Three Rivers Haiku Association, in cooperation with the Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, organized a contest on the theme of blood donation; a chapbook anthology was published in 5,000 copies and given away to individual blood donors and institutions worldwide. In 2017 a haiku contest for children and adults on the theme of toys, was held in cooperation with the Ivanić-Grad Toy Festival, and another on the theme of the endangered white stork in collaboration with the Green Ring ecological agency of Zagreb County. For each of these events a contest anthology in Croatian and English was published.

The Little Haiku Contest was started in 2010 by Iris, the theme keyed to the annual proclamation of United Nations. The 10th Little Haiku Contest, for example, was announced on the theme of Language, the year 2019 being dedicated to raising awareness about languages of indigenous peoples throughout the world.

International honors and contests

Croatian poets achieved remarkable success in international contests, especially those based in Japan, beginning in the late 1980s.

Vladimir Devidé was awarded a top honor, the Order of the Sacred Treasure (瑞宝章 Zuihō-shō), from the Japanese government in 1983 for his work in the promotion and popularization of haiku. Further, in 2004 Devidé received special recognition by the Japanese Ministry of Culture for outstanding contribution to international understanding between Japan and Eastern Europe.

In 2010, Drago Štambuk, who was at the time the Croatian Ambassador to Japan, founded the Vladimir Devidé Award. This is a competition open to anyone around the world for haiku written in English. It is held in conjunction with LibrAsia, the Asian Conference on Literature and Librarianship, a project of the International Academic Forum (IAFOR) in Japan. Croatian poets were understandably attracted to this competition, and for the first contest, in 2011, the majority of entrants were Croatians. The Grand Prize winners hailed from a variety of countries, however, and the only Croatians to win top prizes have been Tomislav Maretić, 2nd Prize in 2014, and Boris Nazansky, 1st Prize in 2015. In 2019 Ambassador Štambuk was awarded the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun (旭日章 Kyokujitsu-shō), 2nd Class. Štambuk is a fine poet, a master of brevity in haiku:

Suze
teku
u nebo.

Tears
flow
into sky.

     Drago Štambuk, ca. 2007

The following is a list of the major English-language contests and awards in which Croatian haikuists have won prizes or honorable mentions. For details please see the Haikupedia entries for the individual contests and poets.

Japan

• A-Bomb Memorial Day Contest, Kyoto
• Ashiya International Haiku Festa, Ashiya
• Bashō Memorial English Haiku Contest, Iga City
• Ehime Prefecture National Cultural Festival haiku contest
• Fujisan Haiku (Haiku on Mt Fuji), Fujisan World Cultural Heritage Council
• Genkissu! Spirits UP! World Wide Haiku Contest
• Haiku International Association (HIA) Haiku Contest
• Haiku Masters Japan Haiku Master of the Month
• Itoen Oi Ocha New Haiku Contest
• Japan-Russian Haiku Contest, Akita
• Kusamakura Haiku Competition, Kumamoto City
• Mainichi Daily News annual English-language haiku contest
• Shimanami Kaidō International Haiku Convention, Ehime prefecture
• Suruga Baika Literary Festival, Daichu-ji Temple
• World Haiku Contest celebrating the 300th Anniversary of Bashō’s Oku no hosomichi

India

• Spiritual Haiku Contest, Paras Dharma Ashram,Uttarakhand, India

Australia and New Zealand

• Hobo Poetry Magazine haiku contest, Australia
• Rangitawa Publishing Haiku and Humor Contest, New Zealand.
• Yellow Moon Literary Competition, Australia

Eastern and southeastern Europe

• Aleksandar Nejgebauer Haiku Contest, Novi Sad, Serbia
• Haiku Festival in Odžaci, Serbia
• “Haiku and Music” contest, Bulgarian Haiku Club
• French Haiku Association Seichamps, France
• International Apokalipsa Haiku Contest, Slovenia
• Revista Haiku Contest, Romania
• Sharpening the Green Pencil Haiku Contest, Romanian Kukai Group
• Polish International Haiku Contest, Polish Haiku Association
• Priroda u oku / Nature in the Eye haiku competition, International Haiku Festival, Montenegro
• Diogen pro Cultura webzine competitions, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• International Poetry Festival, Melnik, Bulgaria
• International Cherry Blossom Haiku Contest, Bulgaria

Western Europe

• International Haiku Contest, Cascina Macondo, Italy
• International Matsuo Bashō Award, Italian Haiku Association, Capoliveri, Italy
• European Haiku Prize competition, Pordenone, Italy

United Kingdom

• James W Hackett Haiku Award, British Haiku Society
• Millennium Haiku Calendar Competition, Liverpool, England
• The Haiku Award (Still)
• Timepieces Haiku Week-At-A-Glance competition

North America

• Cherry Blossom / Sakura Festival, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
• Golden Triangle Haiku Contest, Washington D.C.
• Hawai’i Education Association (HEA) Contest
• Herb Barrett Award, Haiku Canada
• Jane Reichhold International Haiku Contest, ukiahaiku, the Ukiah, California, Haiku Festival
• Kaji Aso Studio International Haiku Contest, Boston, Massachusetts
• Moonset contest
• Peggy Willis Lyles Haiku Awards, The Heron’s Nest
• Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival Haiku Invitational, Canada

Other current activities

Teaching and sharing haiku by children has become a popular pursuit in Croatia. The Association of Croatian Haiku Poets in Zagreb took the lead in bringing haiku to young people and since 2003 has organized children’s haiku festivals with competitions and coordinated young people’s entries in international events, notably the annual JAL Foundation World Children’s Haiku Contest. Višnja McMaster currently administers the JAL Foundation contest in Croatia. Under the mentorship of Mihovila Čeperić-Biljan, pupils at the Grammar School Vežica in Rijeka won top awards in the children’s sections of the Yamadera Bashō Memorial Museum English Haiku Contest and the Mainichi Haiku Contest, while children at the Grammar School Novska, under the guidance of Jasna Popović Poje, won a group award in the International Matsuo Bashō Award Contest of the Italian Haiku Association.

Thirty-some Croatians have participated in the online kukai (group haiku competitions) but only four poets have won top honors: 1st Place in the Shiki Internet Kukai in September 2005 and 3rd Place at the 3rd European Quarterly Kukai (Autumn 2013) went to Đ. V. Rožić. Dejan Pavlinović won the Shiki Kukai in April 2014. Tomislav Maretić won 2nd and 3rd Place honors in the Caribbean Kigo Kukai for May 2010, September 2011, April 2010, and April 2016 as well as in the Indian Kukai for May 2014. Rožić won 2nd place in the 14th European Quarterly Kukai (Summer 2016) and Aljoša Vuković won 2nd place in the 17th competition (Spring 2017).

Each year since 2010 Polish haikuist Krzysztof Kokot has selected The European Top 100 most creative haiku authors and posted their names on the Web. Through 2018, 36 Croatian poets have been so honored: Igor Bali, Danica Bartulović, Zlata Bogović, Borivoj Bukva, Silvija Butković, Mihovila Čeperić-Biljan, Grozdana Drašković, Srđan Duhović, Željko Funda, Ivan Gaćina, Goran Gatalica, Danijela Grbelja, Nada Jačmenica, Željka Vučinić Jambrešić, Dubravko Korbus, Nina Kovačić, Tonka Lovrić, Timjana Mahečić, Tomislav Maretić, Malvina Mileta, Maja Muskić, Boris Nazansky, Dejan Pavlinović, Marija Anđela Pogorilić, Vera Primorac, Slobodan Pupovac, Ljubomir Radovančević, Ðurđa Vukelić Rožić, Stjepan Rožić, Dubravka Šćukanec, Drago Štambuk, Silva Trstenjak, Ana Dolenec Truban, Aljoša Vuković, Božena Zernec, and Jana Žufić. Here are recent haiku by some of these contemporary Croatian haikuists:

Morska nevera. 
U raskidanoj mreži 
ribarska priča. 
.
.

A sea storm
in a broken net
the fisherman’s story.

        Silvija Butković, 2015

Valentinovo—
srce u šalici kave
od konobara
.

Valentine’s Day—
a heart in a cup of coffee
from waiter.


     Danijela Grbelja, 2019

roda— 
cijeli dan priželjkujem 
unuče 
.
.

a white stork—
the whole day I wish for
a grandchild

        Nada Jačmenica, 2017

u kašeti 
blišti srebro 
friške srdele
.
.

in boxes
the glistening silver
of fresh sardines

        Tonka Lovrić, 2018, in the Chakavaian dialect

noćni vatromet 
munje i trešnja u cvatu 
tako lijepi 
.
.

night fireworks
lightning and blooming cherry
so beautiful

        Malvina Mileta, 2016

topla juha
u šarenoj zdjelici 
srču se slova 



warm soup
in a colourful bowl—
slurping the words 
.

eine warme Suppe
in einer farbenfrohen Schale
Buchstaben schlürfen






        Marija Anđela Pogorilić, 2016

Pod starom trešnjom 
nježnost dodira 
na mojim dlanovima. 
.
.

Under an old cherry
tenderness touching
my palms.

        Vera Primorac, 2011

Sahara 
samo su njene oči 
zelene
.
.

Sahara
only her eyes
are green

        Slobodan Pupovac, 2017

tamnije su od noći 
baršunaste sjene 
šišmiša 
.
.

darker than the night
velvet shadows
of a bat

        Božena Zernec, ca. 2008

preci
su                    nas
zvali               naši               zvati
nas                    će
potomci

ancestors
have                       us
called                     our                         call
us                         will
descendants

     Jana Žufić, 2012                                             
          

Adapted from: Rožić, “Haiku u Hrvatskoj” and “Haiku in Croatia,” The Haiku Foundation website; Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky; and Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2

Sources / further reading (print):

Haiku history, criticism, and composition

• Aston, W. G. A History of Japanese Literature. London: Heinemann, 1899.
• Čekolj, Marijan. Haiku sekvence: teorija haiku / Haiku Sequences: Theory of Haiku. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 2011.

• Čekolj, Marijan. Smijeh saznanija: zen haiku eseji: izbor, 1978–1998 (The Laughter of Cognition: Essays, Selection 1978–1998). Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1998.

• Crnjanski, Miloš. “Haikai.” Miloš Crnjanski. Poezija. Beograd: Prosveta, 1966.
• Devidé, Vladimir. “Haiku u Hrvatskoj i hrvatski haiku” (Haiku in Croatia and the Croatian Haiku). 3. Samoborski haiku susreti, zbornik, 1995.

• Devidé, Vladimir. “Haiku u Hrvatskoj” (Haiku in Croatia). Hrvatska obzorja (2/1994).

• Devidé, Vladimir. “Japanska haiku poezija”(Japanese Haiku Poetry), in Encyclopaedia Moderna 3–4 (1958)
• Devidé, Vladimir. “Prvi počeci japanskih pjesničkih oblika u izvorno hrvatskoj književnosti” (The Earliest Roots of Japanese Poetic Forms in Original Croatian Literature). Vrabac / Sparrow 51–62 (2008).
• Devidé, Vladimir. “The Beginning of the Original Japanese Poetical Forms in Croatian Literature.” Vrabac / Sparrow 51–62 (2008).
• Devidé, Vladimir. Japanska haiku poezija i njen kulturnopovijesni okvir (Japanese Haiku Poetry and Its Cultural and Historical Framework). Zagreb: Liber, 1976. 1st edition 1976; other editions 1985 and 2003.

• Focht, Ivan. “O klasičnoj japanskoj književnosti” (On Classical Japanese Literature). Republika 7/8 (1952).
• Ivančan, Dubravko. “Mala antologija japanskog haikua” (Small Anthology of Japanese Haiku). Republika 7/8 (1958).
• Nazansky, Boris. “Spona iz pedesetih” (A Link from the Fifties). Iris 13 (2019).
• Stojanović, Ruska Nikolasević. Brazde / Rich Furrows. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1997.

Anthologies and compendia

• Anakiev, Dimitar, and Jim Kacian, eds. Knots: The Anthology of Southeastern Europe Haiku Poetry. Tolmin, Slovenia: Prijatelj Haiku Press, 1999.
• Anakiev, Dimitar, comp. Kamesan’s World Haiku Anthology on War, Violence and Human Rights Violation. Templeton, Calif.: Kamesan Books, 2013.
• Blanche, Patrick, et al., eds. Nouvelles visions de guerre: 55 haïkus de poètes croates. Montélimar, France: Éditions Voix d’Encre, 1993.
• Čekolj, Marijan, ed. Antologija samoborskog pjesništva (Anthology of Poetry from Samobor). Samobor: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 2003. 40 poets.
• Čekolj, Marijan, ed. Antologija samoborskog haiku pjesništva / Haiku Anthology of Samobor). Samobor: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 2008. 25 poets.
• Čekolj, Marijan, ed. Haiku iz rata: zbornik. Samobor, Croatia: Narodno sveučilište, 1992.
• Čekolj, Marijan, ed. Haiku iz rata, knjiga 2 / War Haiku, Book 2. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1995.
• Čekolj, Marijan, and Marinko Španović, eds. Otvoreni put: Antologija hrvatske haiku poezije / Free Road: Croatian Haiku Anthology. Zagreb: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1999.
• Čekolj, Marijan, Marinko Španović, Milan Zegarac Peharnik, and Darko Plažanin. Sabiranja: Haiku poezija. Samobor, Croatia: Književna komuna, 1985.
• Cobb, David, ed. The Euro-haiku: A Bi-lingual Anthology.North Shields, Eng.: Iron Press, 2007.

• Couchoud, Paul-Louis. Le haïkaï. Les épigrammes lyriques du Japon. Paris: Éditions Les Lettres, 1906.
• D’un ciel a l’autre: Anthologie de haïkus de l’Union Européenne / From One Sky to Another: Haiku Anthology of the European Union. Seichamps, France: Édition Association Française de Haïku, 2006.
• Crnjanski, Miloš. Поезија старог Јапана (Poezija starog Japana; Poetry of Old Japan). Novi Sad, Yugoslavia: Matica Srpska, 1927.
• Devidé, Vladimir, ed. Antologija hrvatskoga haiku pjesništva (Anthology of Croatian Haiku Poetry). Zagreb: Naklada Pavičić, 1996. 79 poets.
• Devidé, Vladimir, ed. Vladimir Devidé: zvijezda vodilja / Vladimir Devidé: Leading Star. Translations by Đurđa Vukelić-Rožić. Ivanić-Grad, Croatia: Udruga “Tri rijeke,” 2014.
• Devidé, Vladimir. Japan—Poezija i zbilja: članci i eseji (Japan: Poetry and Reality). Zagreb: Alfa, 1987.
• Devidé, Vladimir. Japan: Tradicija i suvremenost (Japan: Tradition and Modernity). Zagreb: Centar za informacije i publicitet, 1978.
• Devidé, Vladimir. Japan. Prošlost i budućnost u sadašnjosti (Japan: Past and Future in the Present), 1988.
• Devidé, Vladimir. Japanska haiku poezija i njen kulturnopovijesni okvir (Japanese Haiku Poetry and Its Cultural and Historical Framework). Zagreb: Liber, 1976, 1985, 2003.
• Duhaime, André, compiler. Haïku sans frontières: une anthologie mondiale. Orléans, Ont.: Les Éditions David, 1998. In French. 181 poets from 23 countries. Also an online version with 10 haiku each by 30 poets: http://pages.infinit.net/haiku/.
• Florenz, Karl. Dichtergrüsse aus dem Osten: Japanische Dichtungen (Übertragen). Tokyo: T. Hasegawa, 1894.
• Florenz, Karl. Poetical Greetings from the Far East, Japanese Poems from the German Adaptation of Dr. Karl Florenz by A. Lloyd, M.A. Tokyo: T. Hasegawa, 1896.
• Haiku. Samobor, Croatia: Književna komuna (Književna grupa Katarza), 1983. Haiku by 7 poets.
• Higginson, William J. Haiku World: An International Poetry Almanac. Tokyo, New York, and London: Kodansha International, 1996.
• Katō Kōko, ed. Four Seasons: Haiku Anthology Classified by Season Words in English and Japanese. Nagoya, Japan: Kō Poetry Association, 1991.
• Kukolja, Božo, trans. Japanska poezija. Zagreb: Lykos, 1st edition, 1955. 40 haiku by old Japanese masters in translation from German and French; 2nd edition, 1957.
• Kyoto cvijet kulture Japana: Japanska umjetnost od razdoblja Kamakura do razdoblja Edo (13.–19. st.) Zagreb, 16. listopada–14. prosinca, 1986 (Kyoto Flower of Japanese Culture: Japanese Art from the Kamakura Period to the Edo Period (13th–19th Century): Zagreb, October 16–14 December, 1986). Edited by Ivana Čukman Nikolić. Zagreb: MTM, 1986.
• Matas, Duško, Boris Nazansky, Vjekoslav Romich, Stjepan Rožić, Darko Plažanin, Milan Žegarac-Peharnik, and Julja Ivić. Sedam novih putova / Seven New Ways. Zagreb: Haiku, 2003.
• McMaster, Višnja, ed. and trans. 100 hrvatskih haiku / 100 Croatian Haiku: An Anthology for the Haiku Cards Game. Zagreb: Društvo hrvatskih haiku pjesnika, 2000.
• Nicolițov, Valentin, ed. Greiri și crizanteme: Haiku antologie internatională / Crickets and Chrysanthemums: International Haiku Anthology. Bucharest: Editura Orion, 2007.
• Porter, William Ninnis, trans. and compiler. A Year of Japanese Epigrams. London: Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, 1911.
• Ross, Bruce, Kōko Katō, Dietmar Tauchner, and Patricia Prime, eds. A Vast Sky: An Anthology of Contemporary World Haiku. Bangor, Maine: Tancho Press, 2015.
• Rožić, Đurđa Vukelić, ed. and trans. Nepokošeno nebo: Antologija hrvatskoga haiku-pjesništva 1996–2007 / An Unmown Sky: An Anthology of Croatian Haiku Poetry 1996–2007. Ivanić-Grad, Croatia: Udruga “Tri rijeke,” 2011. 166 poets.
• Rožić, Đurđa Vukelić, ed. and trans. Nepokošeno nebo 2: Antologija hrvatskoga haiku-pjesništva 2008–2018 / An Unmown Sky 2: An Anthology of Croatian Haiku Poetry 2008–2018. Ivanić-Grad, Croatia: Udruga “Tri rijeke,” 2018. 198 poets.
• Rožić, Đurđa Vukelić Rožić, ed. Sedam prozora / Seven Windows. Kloštar Ivanić, Croatia: Agapa, 2002. 7 poets.
• Stamenković, Mile, ed. Hvatanje sjenke vjetra / Catturare l’ombra del vento / Grasping the Shadow of Wind. Rijeka: StaM, 1999.

Selected individual collections

• Bambić, Maša. Kucanje srca / Beating of the Heart. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1996.
• Bebek, Robert. Lampa u zoru / Lamp at Dawn: Haiku. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1994.
• Bebek, Robert. Oblici praznine / The Shapes of Emptiness. Zagreb: Ceres, 1997.
• Bilosnić, Tomislav Marijan. Planina. English translations by Pablo Bilosnić. Zadar, Croatia: Društvo hrvatskih kniževnika, Orgranak Zadar (Lions Club of Zadar), 2002.
• Bilosnić, Tomislav Marijan. Velebit: Haiku. English translations by Julienne Eden Bušić. Zadar, Croatia: 3000 Godina Za Dar, 2004.
• Boban, Nediljko. Igra lastavica / Swallow’s Play. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1996.
• Bogović, Zlata. Pjesma slavuja / Nightingale’s Song. Translations by Željko Funda, Marinko Španović, and Đurđa Vukelić Rožić. Varaždin, Croatia: TIVA Tiskara, 2010.
• Bukva, Borivoj. Dodir usana: haiku (The Touch of Lips: Haiku). Rijeka, Croatia: Društvo prijatelja Hrvatska-Japan, 1998.
• Bukva, Borivoj. Leptirov poljubac. Rijeka, Croatia: published privately, 2000.
• Bukva, Borivoj. Mjesečev jahac (The Moon Rider). Rijeka, Croatia: published privately, 1999.
• Bukva, Borivoj. Pas koji je mislio da sam zec: Haiku / Pas koji je mislio da sam zec: haiku / The Dog Who Thought I Was a Rabbit: Haiku. Rijeka, Croatia: Društvo haiku pjesnika-Rijeka, 2001.
• Bukva, Borivoj. Skok ribice / Little Fish Jump: Haiku. Translation by Ivan Buljan. Rijeka, Croatia: Društvo haiku pjesnika-Rijeka, 2002.
• Bukva, Borivoj. U prolazu (At Passing). Rijeka, Croatia: 1996.
• Čekolj, Marijan. Mjesečina / Moonlight. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1994.
• Čekolj, Marijan. Tu i sada / Here and Now: Haiku. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 2000.
• Čekolj, Marijan. U otvorenoj ruci cijelo je nebo tu: haiku (In the Open Sky the Whole Sky Is There: Haiku). Samobor, Croatia: Narodno sveučilište, 1992.
• Čekolj, Marijan. U srcu tišine / In the Heart of Silence. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1997. Haiku and tanka in Croatian and English.
• Danon, Moric. Lirske minijature (Lyrical Miniatures). Zagreb: 1974.
• Danon, Moric. Moja haiku poezija (My Haiku Poetry). Zagreb: 1974.
• Danon, Moric. Poetske sličice (Poetical Images). Zagreb: 1973.
• Danon, Moric. Tisuću haiku (A Thousand Haiku). Zagreb: 1978.
• Devidé, Vladimir, Tomislav Maretić, and Zvonko Petrović. Renge (Renga). Zagreb: Sipar, 1995.
• Đuretić, Nikola. Crtež vedrine (A Drawing of Serenity). Zagreb: 2011.
• Đuretić, Nikola. Lahor u šašu / Breeze in the Sedges. Zagreb: 2012.
• Đuretić, Nikola. Osveta mimoza (Revenge of the Mimosa). Zagreb: 2011.
• Đuretić, Nikola. Plinska lanterna / Gaslight Lantern. Zagreb: 2013.
• Đuretić, Nikola. Raspuko se nar (The Pomegranate Cracked). Zagreb: 2011.
• Đuretić, Nikola. Rijeka u magli (River in the Fog). Zagreb: 2020.
• Đuretić, Nikola. Ždral od papira / Origami Crane. Zagreb: 2014.
• Đuretić, Nikola. Zvuk tišine / Sound of Silence. Zagreb: 2014.
• Funda, Željko. Knjiga trenutaka / The Book of Moments. English versions by the poet. Varaždin, Croatia: Tiva Tiskara, 2012.
• Gagić, Smiljka. Procvjetalo nebo / Blooming Sky. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1997.
• Gečić, Anica. Grad na dlanu / Town in Full View: Haiku. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1997.
• Habazin, Ana. Pučina neba / Tide of the Sky. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku drustvo, 1996.
• Horvat, Ana. Čučerski haiku za Emily (Haiku for Emily from Čučerje). Zagreb: Naklada Đuretić, 2013. 144 poems.
• Horvat, Ana. Životinjski haiku (Animal Haiku). Edited by Gordana Igrec; foreword by Tomislav Maretić. Varaždin, Croatia: Mini-print-logo / Zagreb: Druga Prilka, 2018. 132 haiku.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. Bijeli brod: godišnja doba u haiku stihu (A White Ship: The Seasons in Haiku Verse). Zagreb: Biblioteka Modra lasta, 1971.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. Haiku: riječ i slika (Haiku: Word and Painting). Illustrations by Nada Žiljak; preface by Vladimir Devidé. Zagreb: FS, 1996.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. Leptirova krila (Wings of a Butterfly). Zagreb: published privately, 1964.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. More (The Sea). Zagreb: August Cesarec, 1974.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. Svjetlucanja (Luminescences). Zagreb: Republika, 1966.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. Uvijek iznova raste pjenušavo stablo bijelog vodoskoka (Ceaseless Tree of the White Fountain). Zagreb: Naprijed, 1968.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. Velegrad: pariške skice (Metropolis: Paris Sketches). Zagreb: Alfa, etc., 1978.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. Zeleno nebo: haiku (Green Sky: Haiku). Zagreb: Zadružna štampa, 1981.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. Zemljište sa šljukom (A Plot with Pebbles). 1966.
• Ivančan, Dubravko. Život na selu: haiku (Life in the Country: Haiku). Zagreb: Znanje, 1975.

• Jambrešić, Željka Vučinić. Od sunca do mjeseca: zbirka haiku pjesama / From the Sun to the Moon: A Haiku Collection. Edited by Đurđa Vukelić Rožić. Ivanić-Grad, Croatia: Published privately, 2009. In Croatian, English, and Japanese.
• Korbus, Dubravko. Zapisi starog strašila / Chronicles of the Old Scarecrow. Translations by Đurđa Vukelić Rožić. Ivanić-Grad, Croatia: published privately, 2011. Haiku and tanka.
• Kovačević, Marinko. Iskrenost stabala / Sincerity of Trees. Translations by Graham McMaster. Zagreb: SKUD “Ivan Goran Kovačević,” 2011.
• Lupis, Nedjeljka. Kiša bijelih cvjetova / Rain of White Blossoms: Haiku. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1998.
• Maretić, Tomislav. Leptir nad pučinom: sitnopjesni / Butterfly over the Open Sea: Haiku. Translated into English by Margaret Casman-Vuko and Tomislav Maretić. Zagreb: HKLD, 1998.
• Maretić, Tomislav. Nebo u rukavcima / Sky in the Creeks. Zagreb: Naklada Đuretić, 2014.
• Maretić, Tomislav. The Boat in the Reeds. Edited by Milijan Despotović. 1990. 30 haiku; in Croatian.
• Maslovarić, Rajka Anđelić. Zagrljaj s dugom / Embracing the Rainbow. Biograd, Croatia: 2002.
• Matas, Duško. Vrh planine: haiku, riječ i slika / Mountain Top: Haiku, Words & Pictures. Drawings by Nada Žiljak. Zagreb: FS, 1998.
• Mažuranić, Vlasta. Ples po rosi / Dancing in the Dew. Samobor, Croatia: Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Samoboru, 2011.
• Mršić, Ljudmila Milena. Malo vjetra u kosi / A Breeze in My Hair. Edited by Dubravko Korbus. Translations by Đurđa Vukelić Rožić. Ivanić-Grad, Croatia: published privately, 2012.
• Oreč, Zdenko. Neprolazni susreti / Unpassable Encounters: Haiku. Ludbreg, Croatia: published privately, 1999.
• Oreč, Zdenko. Plodovi nesanice: 1991 (Fruits of Insomnia: 1991). Ludbreg, Croatia: published privately, 1999.
• Oreč, Zdenko. Rijeke šume: haiku (Forest Rivers: Haiku). Ludbreg, Croatia: published privately, 1999.
• Oreč, Zdenko. Školjka u pijesku: biseri iz školskih zadaćnica i haiku (A Shell in the Sand: Pearls from School Assignments and Haiku). Translated by Đurđa Vukelić-Rožić. Zagreb: published privately, 1998.
• Petrović, Zvonko. Kažiprstom u trnutak pogleda (A Moment’s Glance with the Index Finger). 1987.
• Petrović, Zvonko. Tragom vaših koraka (Trailing Your Steps). Varaždin, Croatia: published privately, 1973.
• Petrović, Zvonko. Trenuci nezaboravka: haiku poezija (Moments of Unforgetfulness: Haiku Poetry). Varaždin, Croatia: Matica hrvatska, 1971. 
• Pezelj, Dunja. Zlato u plavom / Gold in Blue: Haiku / Haibun. Translations by Jagoda Copić, Robert Mandić, and Ivan Tadej. Split, Croatia: published privately, 2007.
• Plažanin, Darko. Svakidašnji put / Everyday Path. Translations by Marinko Španović. Samobor, Croatia: Ogranak Matica Hrvatska Samobor, 2009.
• Plažanin, Darko. The Mine Field: A Posthumous Collection of the Haiku of Darko Plažanin. Winchester, Va.: Red Moon Press, 2009.
• Plažanin, Darko. Žubor vode (Murmur of the Water). 1989.
• Rožić, Đurđa Vukelić. Naizgled maleni: Aforizmi od Ž do A / Seemingly Small: Aphorisms. Translations by the author. Rijeka, Croatia: Venerus, 2012.
• Rožić, Đurđa Vukelić. Pod krilom rode / Under the Wing of a White Stork. Đurđa Vukelić Rožić. Samobor, Croatia: JU Zeleni prsten Zagrebačke županije, 2016.
• Rožić, Đurđa Vukelić. Tiha glazba: haiku / Silent Music: Haiku. Translations by the author. No place [Ivanić-Grad, Croatia]: published privately, 2015.
• Rožić, Stjepan. Biglisanje / Song of a Nightingale. Đurđa Vukelić Rožić, editor and translator. Kloštar Ivanić, Croatia: Otok Ivanić, 2010.
• Rožić, Stjepan. Proljetni vjetar / Spring Wind. Kloštar Ivanic, Croatia: Insula Ivanich, 2005.
• Španović, Marinko. Brbljanje o neizrečivom / Gassing about the Unspeakable. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1998. In Croatian and English.
• Španović, Marinko. Planinski vjetar: haiku (Mountain Wind: Haiku). Književno društvo Razvigor, 1990.
• Španović, Marinko. Poljubac svjetlosti / Kiss of Light. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1995.
• Štambuk, Drago. Niotkud / From Nowhere/ 無迹より: Selected Haiku. Japanese translations by Shokan Tadashi Kondō. Tokyo: Ribun Publishing, 2011. In Croatian, English, and Japanese.
• Stamenković, Mile, ed. Hvatanje sjenke vjetra / Catturare l’ombra del vento / Grasping the Shadow of  Wind. Rijeka, Croatia: published privately, 1999. “Trilingual anthology of haiku / senryu poetry in the County of Primorje-Gorski Kotar, the County of Istria and the County of Lika-Senj; in Croatian, Italian and American English.”
• Stamenković, Mile. Dahovi srpanjskih lipika: zbirka haiku, waka i renge / Breath of July’s Linden Forests: Collection of Haiku, Waka and Renga. Rijeka, Croatia: Published privately, 1994.
• Štebih, Mihael. Opet na Putu / On Journey Again. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1995.
• Šuk, Vladimir. Kliktaj bradatih orlova / The Scream of the Bearded Eagles. Translations and foreword by Đurđa Vukelić Rozić. Oroslavje, Croatia: Gradska knjižnica Oroslavje, 2016. PDF available in The Haiku Foundatiuon Digital Library.
• Zalokar, Jadran. Dah mora / Breath of the Sea. Rijeka, Croatia: 2002.
• Zalokar, Jadran. Haiku vremeplov / Haiku Timeline. Rijeka, Croatia: 1996.
• Zalokar, Jadran. Miris svitanja / Scent of Dawn. Translations by Saša Važić. Rijeka, Croatia: Hrvatsko književno društvo, 2009.
• Zalokar, Jadran. Osmiejeh putnika / Smiling Wanderer. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 2000.
• Zalokar, Jadran. Poljubac daljina / Kiss of Distances. Rijeka, Croatia: 2004.
• Zalokar, Jadran. Putnikova duga / The Traveller’s Rainbow. Rijeka, Croatia: 2001.
• Zernec, Božena. Šaran u oblacima: haiku poezija / Krap h oblakima: haiku poezija / A Carp among the Clouds: Haiku Poetry. Zagreb: Matis, 2007. Collection of haiku with parallel translations into Kajkavian dialect and English.

Print periodicals

• Galeb (The Gull). Rijeka. One issue only, 2000.
• Haiku: časopis za haiku poeziju [first series]. Founding editors: Vladimir Devidé, Zvonko Petrović, and Željko Funda. Varaždin, Croatia: Faculty of Organization and Informatics, 1977–1980.
• Haiku: časopis za haiku poeziju [second series]. Editors: Dubravko Marijanović (issues 1–9), Milan Žegarac Peharnik (issue 10), Višnja McMaster (issues 11–16), and Đurđa Vukelić Rožić (issues 17–24), Zagreb: Sipar. 1995–2004.
• Haiku zbornik Ludbreg (Ludbreg Haiku Miscellany). Ludbreg, Croatia, 1998–  . Proceedings, etc., of the annual meeting of the local haiku group.
• Haiku kalendar. Ludbreg, Croatia, 2001–2008. Annual omnibus collection of the local haiku group.
• Iris. Đurđa Vukelić Rožić, editor. Ivanić-Grad, Croatia, 2008–  .
• Vrabac: Haiku časopis / Sparrow: Haiku Magazine. Marijan Čekolj, editor. Samobor, Croatia: Hrvatsko haiku društvo, 1993–2008. In Croatian and English.

Sources / further reading (online):

• Bilosnić, Tomislav Marian. “Razgovor s Tomislavom Marijanom Bilosnićem, književnikom, slikarom, publicistom i fotografom (An Interview with Tomislav Marijan Bilosnić, Writer, Painter, Publicist and Photographer). Croatian Cultural Council website: https://www.hkv.hr/razgovori/14420-tomislav-marijan-bilosnic-razgovor-odavno-smo-u-klopci-orwellova-svijeta.html. Posted February 3, 2013.

• “Croatian Haiku.” Selected and translated by Đurđa Vukelić Rožić. The Haiku Foundation website: https://www.thehaikufoundation.org/omeka/files/original/f8813fed18d55a627ad01585e9f97e07.pdf.
• Diogen pro kultura magazin / Diogen pro Culture Magazine: http://www.diogenpro.com/.
• Haiku kraj Mogile / Haiku at Mogila website: http://franjo-ordanic.mreza.hr/postovi?p=franjo-ordanic-7524.
• Haiku Registry, The Haiku Foundation: https://www.thehaikufoundation.org/haiku-registry/.
• “Haiku susreti Rene Matoušek.” Wikipedia (Croatian): https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiku_susreti_Rene_Matoušek.
• Iris International: Časopis za haiku / Haiku Magazine. Đurđa Vukelić Rožić, editor-in-chief. 2015– . Haiku udruga “Tri rijeki” website: https://tri-rijeke-haiku.hr/iris-hr/.
• Haiku udruga “Tri rijeki” website: https://tri-rijeke-haiku.hr.
• Living Haiku Anthology; https://livinghaikuanthology.com/.
• Ristić, Dragan J. “Haiku in Serbien und Montenegro.” Presentation at the First European Haiku Congress, Bad Nauheim, Germany, 13th May 2005. Deutsche Haiku Gesellschaft website: http://kulturserver-nds.de/home/haiku-dhg/Serbien_deutsch.htm.
• Rožić, Đurđa Vukelić. “Haiku u Hrvatskoj,” and the English-language version of the essay, “Haiku in Croatia.” The Haiku Foundation website: https://www.thehaikufoundation.org/omeka/files/original/1b2dabf9d01d3fa9637c5015ec59ed00.pdf.
• Žubrinić, Darko. “Haiku poetry in Croatia” (2008). World of Haiku. The Haiku Foundation website: https://www.thehaikufoundation.org/omeka/items/show/1587.

Related Haikupedia articles:

• Haiku in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Haiku in Montenegro
• Haiku in North Macedonia
• Haiku in Serbia
• Haiku in Slovenia

Notes:

1. Iris, 2019. [↩]
2. Trans. Đurđa Vukelić Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 (2018). Note: Unless otherwise indicated, all translations from Croatian into English are by Rožić, with the English occasionally adjusted by Charles Trumbull. [↩]
3. William J. Higginson, Haiku World (1996); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
4. Anakiev and Kacian, eds., Knots (1999); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
5. Moja haiku poezija (1974). [↩]
6. Haiku (Varaždin, Croatia) 1 (Spring 1977); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
7. Marijan Čekolj, ed. Haiku iz rata, knjiga 2 / War Haiku, Book 2 (1995); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
8. Ehime Prefecture National Cultural Festival, Japan, 1989, Grand Prix; Higginson, Haiku World (1996); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
9. Marijan Čekolj and Marinko Španović, eds., Otvoren put / Free Road (1999). [↩]
10. Higginson, Haiku World (1996). [↩] [↩]
11. 2nd Mainichi Haiku Contest (1998); Persimmon 1:2 (Spring 1998); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
12. André Duhaime, comp., Haïku sans frontières: une anthologie mondiale (1998); Čekolj and Španović, Otvoren put / Free Road (1999); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
13. HI Haiku International, 1997; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
14. Ito-en International Haiku Contest, 2001, Honourable Mention; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
15. 5th Dubravko Ivančan Haiku Day, Krapina, Croatia, 2003; Shamrock 6 (2008; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
16. Anakiev and Kacian, eds., Knots (1999). [↩]
17. Zoe Savina, ed., Haiku: The leaves are back on the tree—International Anthology (2002). Croatian text corrected by Ð. V. Rožić [↩]
18. Knots (1999); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
19. Meguro Haiku International Circle, Haiku – 10th Memorial Edition (2005); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). Velebit is a mountain range in Croatia and the title of Bilosnić’s 2004 collection of haiku. [↩]
20. Temps Libres website: https://www.tempslibres.org/tl/tlphp/dbhk01.php?auteur=mato-r&lg=f. [↩]
21. Autumn Moon 1:1 (Fall–Winter 2017). [↩]
22. Rožić, ed., Sedam prozora / Seven Windows (2002); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
23. 2nd Sharpening the Green Pencil Haiku Contest, 2013; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
24. 5th International Kusamakura Haiku Competition, 2000, Nyūsen (3rd Prize); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
25. Genkissu! Spirits up! World Wide Hekinan Haiku Contest, Special Prize, 2009; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
26. 16th International Kusamakura Haiku Competition, 2011, 3rd Prize; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
27. 10 th International Litle Iris Haiku Contest, 2020, Honourable Mention. [↩]
28. 23 rd International Kusamakura Haiku Competition, 2nd Prize; Iris 13, 2019. [↩]
29. Vladimir Devidé, ed., Antologija hrvatskoga haiku pjesništva (1996); Higginson, Haiku World (1996); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
30. Higginson, Haiku World (1996); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
31. Haiku-zbornik Ludbreg 1999; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
32. Haiku-zbornik Ludbreg 1999; 16th Haiku Festival, Odžaci, Serbia and Montenegro, 2005, 1st Prize; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
33. Kloštar Ivanić 2003, Standard Croatian, 3rd Prize; Shamrock 6 (2008). [↩]
34. 11th Ito en Oi Ocha New Haiku Contest (2000), Honorable Mention; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
35. Muse India 43 (May–June 2012). [↩]
36. International Kusamakura Haiku Competition, 2009, 2nd Prize. [↩]
37. International Cherry Blossom Haiku Contest, Bulgaria, 2016, 2nd Prize. [↩]
38. Iris 11, 2017; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
39. The title was a reference to “Cent visions de guerre,” the collection of haiku from the battlefront in World War I by the Frenchman Julien Vocance and in turn to the series of woodblock prints by the 18th–19th-century Japanese master Hokusai titled “Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.” [↩]
40. International Contest for Haiku in Standard Croatian, Selected Haiku, Kloštar Ivanić Haiku Meeting, 2009. [↩]
41. Ludbreg Haiku Calendar 2001, Commended; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky (2011). [↩]
42. Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo (2011). [↩]
43. 17th Apokalipsa Haiku Contest, 2015, Commended; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
44. FemkuMag 9 (February 2019). [↩]
45. White Stork Haiku Competition, 1st Prize; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
46. Iris 12, Ivanić-Grad, 2018; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
47. One Hundred and One Cherry Blossom Haiku (Participants’ anthology, 2nd International Cherry Blossom Haiku Contest, Bulgaria, 2016); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
48. Chrysanthemum 19, 2016; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). English retranslated by C. Trumbull. [↩]
49. Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival, 2011 Honourable Mention; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
50. Asahi Haikuist Network, March 17, 2017; Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
51. Modern Haiku 39:3 (Autumn 2008); Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]
52. HaikuNow! Innovative Haiku Contest, 2nd Prize; ((Rožić, Nepokošeno nebo 2 / An Unmown Sky 2 (2018). [↩]